The development of pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-based technologies provides us a new therapeutic approach that\ngenerates grafts for transplantation. In order to minimize the risk of immune reaction, the banking of induced\npluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from donors with homozygous human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotype is planned\nin Japan. Even though pre-stocked and safety validated HLA-homozygous iPSCs are selected, immunological\nrejection may potentially occur because the causes of rejection are not always due to HLA mismatches. A couple of\nstudies concerning such immunological issues have reported that genetic ablation of HLA molecules from PSC\ncombined with gene transduction of several immunoregulatory molecules may be effective in avoiding immunological\nrejection. Also, our research group has recently proposed a concept that attempts to regulate recipient immune\nsystem by PSC-derived immunoregulatory cells, which results in prolonged survival of the same PSC-derived allografts.\nPSC-based technologies enable us to choose a new therapeutic option; however, considering its safety from an\nimmunological point of view should be of great importance for safe clinical translation of this technology.
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